Caffeine makes people more open to persuasion

cappuccino_cup.jpgDosing someone with coffee or another strongly caffeinated drink may make them more susceptible to persuasion, according to a recent study, reported in New Scientist.

Previous studies have show that consuming caffeine can improve one’s attention and enhance cognitive performance, with 200 milligrams (equivalent to two cups of coffee) being the optimal dose.

Moderate doses of caffeine can also make you more easily convinced by arguments that go against your beliefs, say Pearl Martin of the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia, and her colleagues.

In 2005, her team published a paper suggesting that the compound primes people to agree with statements that go against their typical views because it improves their ability to understand the reasoning behind the statements.

After a bit of a search, it seems the full paper is freely available online.

Link to news story from New Scientist.
Link to page with full-text paper.

Implanting magnets for a sixth sense

quinn_surgery.jpgWired magazine has an article about reporter Quinn Norton’s experience of implanting a magnet in her fingertip to add a magnetic touch sense to her sensory repertoire.

Matt reported on this practice previously on Mind Hacks, where those with the implants say they can detect magnetic fields from electrical devices.

Because of the sensitivity of the finger, different types of electrical current can supposedly be felt as different textures in the air.

The operation is not available from qualified practictioners, so involves risk of infection or the magnet breaking up – both of which Norton experienced after her implant.

Link to Wired article ‘A Sixth Sense for a Wired World’ (via BB).
Link to previous report on Mind Hacks.

Anger is an energy – and a mental illness, apparently

broken_mirror.jpgHaving ‘uncontrollable’ angry outbursts meets the criteria for “intermittent explosive disorder” – a diagnosable mental illness. According to a recent study, 7.3% of Americans could be diagnosable within their lifetime – that’s 1 in 14 people.

The diagnosis just seems to describe people who have occasional and extreme angry outbursts that are out of proportion to the stresses they experience.

No wonder diagnostic manuals get a bad name when behaviour within the normal spectrum (even if it is only displayed by a minority of people) is pathologised as a ‘mental illness’.

I suspect this reflects an increasing attitude than unless something is defined as a ‘mental illness’ people can’t be offered help for their problem, or perhaps, won’t be willing to seek assistance.

Link to write-up from New Scientist.
Link to abstract of scientific study.

Electric blues stimulation

vagusns_image.jpgThe Economist has a short but interesting piece on the use of vagus nerve stimulation to treat depression.

The technique involves implanting a pacemaker-like device into the body that stimulates the vagus nerve (in the neck) at regular intervals.

The technology was originally developed as a treatment for epilepsy, but it was discovered that some patients felt better after the device had been implanted, even if it didn’t help control their seizures.

I’m not quite sure of The Economist’s claim that the treatment “builds on” deep-brain stimulation, which is newer and more advanced in many respects and directly stimulates areas of the brain with an implanted electrode.

Nevertheless, the article is an engaging look at the increasing interest in this technology, and notes that no-one is really sure how it works – either in treating epilepsy or depression.

Link to Economist article.

Beautiful webcasts of Dana debates

exposed_brain.jpgThe UK’s Dana Centre regularly hosts free science events for the public and has been webcasting them live. They’ve now put the archives online and there’s a fantastic selection of high-quality programmes for mind and brain enthusiasts.

It’s now quite common for video of lectures or science events to be put online, but they tend to be filmed by a camera vaguely pointed at the speaker with the audio taken from the PA – making the whole thing quite difficult to watch.

In contrast, I was impressed by the fact that the Dana Centre webcasts are produced like a TV show, meaning you can actually see and hear what’s going on.

They’ve had events touching on eclectic range of mind and brain issues, including:

* Van Gogh: Method in his madness?
* Deep Brain Stimulation
* Creating Brains: the science of genius
* The Origins of Magical Beliefs
* Drugs and the Brain: Pills to make you normal
* Drugs and the Brain: Recreation or Therapy?
* The Ethical Brain
* Is It You or I Who Should Be in the Asylum?

All these events were streamed live before they were archived, and the website has details of whatever the next live webcast will be. The events often take questions via email from people watching over the internet.

A thoroughly impressive use of the internet and video technology. Well done Dana.

Drug tampering for fun and profit

New Scientist has put an article online about drug-tampering – the practice of messing with prescription medication so it can be used to get a high or gives a stronger effect.

Stimulant drugs such as Ritalin are being crushed and snorted, and users on internet sites discuss how to take other drugs in similarly non-standard ways.

New Scientist suggests that this is a ‘growing health hazard’ but prescription drug-tampering is as old as prescription medication itself.

In fact, prescriptions were introduced in many countries to try and control the problem of medicines being used recreationally.

benzedrine_inhaler.jpg

Benzedrine is the classic example. The nasal decongestant was widely abused as its main active ingredient was amphetamine.

It was so widely abused to become part of culture and featured in songs and literature as a result. Even clean-cut James Bond pops the occasional Benzedrine to keep him sharp in the original Ian Fleming novels.

The Addiction Research Unit at Buffalo University have collected many more examples of now prohibited drugs which were widely available over the counter, and similarly abused for their recreational kick.

Link to New Scientist article.
Link to Buffalo University online pre-prohibition drugs museum.

Spare change for a brain scan?

bbc_brainscan.jpgDelivery driver Gary Harris was suffering vomiting and headaches but was told he would have to wait 11 weeks for an NHS brain scan, so his workmates had a whip-round and collected enough money for a private scan – which saved his life.

The scan found a large tumour, and doctors say his life would have been in danger had it not been detected and removed.

Link to story from BBC News.

Brain-computer interface video

brain_gate_video_still.jpgWow. I’ve just found a corporate video for a brain computer interface device. With spiffy animation and video of the real thing in action.

It seems to be a video of this device currently in development.

I didn’t realise the technology was at the stage where slick videos would be necessary.

UPDATE: Thanks to the researchers from the lab who are developing this technology for passing on more info (pdf) in the comments page. I also notice there’s more info here and here on the science behind ‘BrainGate’.

Link to video (on YouTube).
Link to more info.

Research companion competition

red_book_white_bg.jpgPetra also tells me that there’s a competition to promote participation in the free discussion forum for psychology and social science research.

£100 worth of books will be awarded to the most active and helpful member of this site between 5th of May and the 7th of July.

The forum is for anyone undertaking psychology or social science research to discuss their work and exchange ideas, with input from professional researchers and Petra herself.

Link to competition details.
Link to message board front page.

Dana and the science of sex

orange_passion.jpgThe London-based Dana Centre will be hosting a number of events on the science of sex over the coming month for those interested in gender, reproduction and passion.

Tuesday 6th of June sees a debate asking can pharmaceuticals improve your love life? and considers the increasing targetting of sexual behaviour by drug companies.

On the following day, there’s a discussion about the problems with defining gender and how gender is influenced by social and biological development.

And on Wednesday 14th June the Dana Centre tackles myths and misconceptions about sex and sexual behaviour in a panel discussion.

Psychologist, sex researcher and blogger Petra Boyton will be part of the discussion for the two debates on sex, and will be joined by professionals from the pharmaceutical industry and medical world.

ABC All in the Mind on mother’s little helper

just_a_pill.jpgThe excellent ABC Radio National All in the Mind has a special this week on the social impact of psychiatric drugs.

During the 20th century, there was a revolution in the development of mind-altering drugs to the point where useful and viable medicines for mental distress became available.

The widespread prescription of such drugs meant that they became used for more than serious mental illness – they often became self-administered fixes for the stresses and strains of daily life.

All in the Mind discusses the history of the these drugs and how they have affected our ideas of cultural and personal distress.

mp3 or realaudio of programme.
Link to transcript.

Square eyes, altered states

televisions.jpgThe Anxiety, Addiction and Depression Treatments blog has a thoughtful piece on the increasing trend for people with serious mental health concerns being chosen as participants in reality television shows.

Recently, several mental health charities have criticised the UK Big Brother after a contestant threatened to kill themselves on air, and left the show shortly after.

Participants with mental health difficulties have also featured on mainstream US shows, and the article argues that producers are more concerned with having dramatic ‘characters’ in their show than they are about the mental health of participants.

The article is an incisive analysis of mental illness on reality TV at a time when such concerns have become widely debated.

Link to article ‘Reality Corrupted’.

Mind-brain link questioned

bloody_iv.jpgThe idea that the mind is the result of the function of the brain is so widely accepted within neuroscience as to almost be its defining statement. It’s suprising then when you find someone who’s arguing against this idea in a coherent and thoughtful manner.

The blog Science is a Method not a Position keeps tabs on the world of the cognitive and neurosciences and puts forward alternative interpretations that suggest there may be more to the mind than the firing of neurons.

Even if you don’t buy the main argument, the blog highlights how our simple assumptions aren’t always as watertight as we believe them to be.

Link to Science is a Method not a Position.

2006-06-02 Spike activity

Quick links from the past week in mind and brain news:

spike.jpg

BBC radio programme uses computational lingustics on to uncover new patterns in spoken and written english use.

Parapsychology study uses email to test for psychic ability.

Aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy… Intriguing website from Cambridge University about widely circulated internet meme.

New Scientist report on a robot hand controlled by thought alone (and some electronics).

Such a clich√©, it’s hardly news anymore: Drug company funded studies tend to support the effectiveness of their drugs.

BBC Radio 4 to launch The Memory Experience season this summer.

Tests for ‘face-blindness’ (prosopagnosia) reveals disorder may not be so rare after all.

Are we addicted to internet porn? No, is the short answer, not that you’d believe it from the newspaper headlines.

“Sexual desire traced to genetics”: clumsy headline obscures interesting study showing that a gene coding for a dopamine receptor can account for 5% of reported sexual desire.